Speed governor



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Patented May Il, 1937 UNITED' sf'rA'rssPA'ri-:NT OFFICE u sans .I i I iSPEIFGOVEBNW Donald F. Warner, Lynn, Mass., assignor to GelrcralElectric Company, a corporation of New York Application June 22,

2 Claims.

The lpresent invention relates to speed governors for vgoverning amachine in response to speed changes.

The object of my invention is to lprovide an 5 improved construction andarrangement of speed governors which are reliable in operation and canbe manufactured at comparatively low cost.

For a consideration of what I. believe to be novel and my invention,attention is directed to l the following description and the claimsappended thereto in connection with the accompanying drawing.

In the drawing, Fig. 1 represents afront view,

partly in section, of a speed Vgovernor embodying l5 my invention; Fig.`2 is a side view of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 3 illustrates an-application of the governor shown in Figs. 1 and 2in connection with an elastic uid turbine.

'Ihe governor comprises a rotatable shaft or 0 spindle III having alower end II arranged for 0 metrically. opposite openings in the ring I5and forming bearings I 8 for receiving-end portions of the cross shaftI3. The bearings I6 and I1 are held in position by cotter pins I9.y Thecrossshaft I3 has a. lateral projection, in the present in- 5 stanceformed by a pin 20 (Fig. l). The ring I5 forms an inwardly projectinglug 2l with an opening 22. A fiat, spirally wound spring, hereaftertermed clock type spring 23 is provided to bias the ring into a tiltedposition with respect to the axis of rotation of the shaft III andmtocounteract centrifugal forces exerted on the ring during operation,which forces tend to move the ring towards a plane perpendicular totheaxls of rotation; According to my invention the in- `5 ner end 2l ofthe spring abuts against the lateral projection formed by the pin 20,whereas the outer end portion 25 projects through the opening22 formedby the lug 2l. A clamp 26 is secured to the end portion 25 adjacent theopen- 0 .,ing 22. When out of operation, the ring assumes the positionshown in Fig. 1. The clock type spring 23 then is preferably in aneutral condition, that is, neither compressed nor stressed..

The centrifugal forces acting on the ring during `5 operation tend toturn the ring in clockwise direc- 1935, Serial No. 21,949

tion as viewed in Fig. 1. This movement causes the spring 23 to be putin a tensioned condition, it being noted that the spring in thisinstance is not wound up but unwound. Clockwise movement of the ring I5(Fig. 1) causes a similar movement of the clamp 26 which engages the lug22, thereby unwinding the spring. The governor may be adjusted eitherbymoving the clamp 26 along the end portion of the spring or, if desired,by changing the; angular position of the lateral vprojection 2li.. Thismay be easily accomplished by loosening the set screw- I4 and slightlyturning the cross shaft I3. The cross shaft has fiattened portions 21 ondiametrically opposite sides to `facilitate turning movement by means ofa wrench during adjustment of the governor.

During operation, centrifugal forces are also set up on theclock typespring 23, effecting lateral displacement or bending of the differentturns of the spring. v

According to my invention I provide a stop or limiting means forlimiting or reducing lateral displacement or sidewise bending of thedifferent turns of theY spring. This stop is in the' form'of a conicalmember 28 having a hub 29 secured to the cross shaft I3. The conicalsurface is tapered away from the spring center and is disposed onthatside die the flat spring which faces away from the axis of rotation.During operation the ring isV turned in clockwise direction, as viewedin Fig. 1, around the axis of the cross pin. The magnitude of suchangular movement depends upon thespeed of rotation and the adjustmentofthe spring 23. As' the speed reaches a maximum, the ring may be turnedinto a maximum angular position which approaches a plane through theaxis of the cross shaft, perpendicular to the axis of the governor shaftI0, that is, the axis. of rotation. 'I'he dierent angular positions ofthe ri ngl5v are transmitted to a governing element, in the presentinstance a sleeve 30, which is arranged axially with respect to theshaft III. As best shown in Fig. 1,the sleeve 30 has a lower end portionsurrounding the reduced end portion I2 of the governor shaft Ill.AMovement of the ring I5 to the sleeve 30 is transmitted by meansincluding a link 3l. The upper end of the link has a forked member 32plvotallyrconnected to the sleeve by means includinga link block 33and-af-pin 3l. During manufacture, the link 50 block 33 is provided withan opening engaging theouter surface of the sleeve 3l and is securedthereto by the link pin 3l which has one side disposed in a recessformed in the outer surface of the sleeve 3l and the other side disposedin a 55 recess formed in the link block 33. These recesses arepreferably formed by boring a hole through the assembled link block 33and the sleeve 30. The lower end portion of thc link 3l projects into aU- shaped lug 35, integrally formed with the ring I 5, and is pivotallyconnected thereto by a lower link pin 36 projecting through the lug 35and the lower end of the link 3 I Springs surrounding the lower -linkpin 36 are placed on each side of the link 3l vto actas shock-absorbingmeans during operation. Such shock-absorbing means are desirable,especially to take care of change in relative position per revolutionshould misalignment occur between the pilot valve and the governor shaftor where a speed governor is subjected to sudden speed changes. Theshock-absorbing means then form a yieldable connection between the link3-I and the ring I5 whereby sudden acceleration or retardation of thering smoothly transmitted to the link 3l and the governing sleeve 30connected thereto. The lower portion of the governing sleeve 3|! hasopenings- 31 on diametrically opposite sides which may be easily formedduring manufacture by a crossmilling operation. The sleeve 30 has anupper portion 38 which is machined to form a smooth, cylindrical, outersurface.

During operation, an increase in speed causes clockwise turning movementof the ring as viewed in Fig. l, against the counter-force of the spring23. Clockwise turning movement of thering causes downward movement ofthe sleeve 30 and,

vice versa, a decrease in speed causes counter' clockwise movement ofthe ring and effects upward movement of the governing sleeve 30. Inorder to reduce lost motion between the governor ring I5 and the sleeve30, a coiled spring 39 is provided surrounding the lower end portion ofthe sleeve 30 and engaging the lower surface of the link block 33 and ashoulder 40 formed on the `shaft I Il. This spring is slightlycompressed and serves primarily to eliminate lost motion between thering I5 and the block 33.

'I'he arrangement Ashown in'` Fig. 3 illustrates a specific applicationof the governor in connection with an elastic fluid turbine 45. 'I'heturbine 45 has an inlet valve 46 for controlling the flow of elasticfluid to the turbine. The control is to be effected in response to speedchanges.

To this end the valve 46 is connected to a piston 41 of a hydraulicmotor 48 including a compression-spring 49 acting downward on the piston41. Operating fluid is supplied under pressure to the hydraulic motor 48lby means including a pump 5I) driven by the turbine shaft and having adischarge connected to a conduit 5I including a needle or pressureadjusting valve 5,2. The conduit 5I has a branch 53 connected to thehydraulic motor 48 and another branch 54 connected to a lpilot Valve 55.The latter includes a cylinder 56, a bushing 51 connected by a link 58to an intermediate point of a lever 59. The left-hand end of the lever59 is pivotally connected to the hydraulic motor piston 41 and theright-hand end of the lever 59 is connected to a fulcrum 60. The bushinghas ports 6I for admtting fluid, such as oil, from the branch pipe 54 tothe interior of the bushing. IThe ilow of oil through the ports 6I iscontrolled by the governor sleeve'30 forming a part of the govemor shownin Figs. 1 and 2. The lower end portion Il of the governor shaft I0 isconnected shaft.

to a drive member comprising a shaft 62 driven from the turbine shaft 63by a gearing 64.

During operation, an increase in turbine speed effects increased speedof rotation of the governor shaft I0, whereby the governor ring I5 ismoved in clockwise direction, effecting downward movement of thegovernor sleeve 30. This increases the eective opening area of the portsBI whereby the resistance to flow is decreased and an increased amountof fluidis discharged through the branch conduit 54 into the centralbore of the sleeve 30, whence it flows through the openings 31 to atank, not shown. This increased ilow eects a reduction in pressure belowthe piston 41 of the hydraulic motor 48, resulting in downward movementof the piston and consequently closing movement of the valve. Theoperation of the mechanism in response to a drap in speed of the turbineis similar, the different elements moving in opposite direction andeffecting opening travel of the valve 46.

Having described the method `of operation of my invention, together withthe apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodimentthereof, I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is onlyillustrative and that thc invention may be carried out by other means.What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates isz.

1. A speed governor including a. governor shaft,

a cross pin on the shaft, a ring surrounding the governor shaft andhaving diametrically opposite portions rotatably supported on the crosspin, a clock type spring surrounding the cross shaft and arranged to beunwoun'd as the speed of the governor shaft increases, means forlimiting sidewise bending of the spring comprising a disk member securedto the cross shaft and having a surface adjacent the side of the springfacing away from the axis of rotation, which surface is tapered towardsthe spring axis, and means for transmitting movement of the ring intodifferent angular positions with respect to the axis of -rotation to anelement to be controlled in response to speed changes. l

2. A speed governor including a governor shaft, a cross shaft projectingthrough an opening in the governor shaft and being adjustably connectedthereto,` a ring having diametrically opposite portions rotatablysupported on the ends of the c'ross shaft, means biasing the ringagainst the action of centrifugal force exerted on the ring duringrotation of the governor shaft, a

governor sleeve in alignment with the governor shaft and having an axialbore receiving an end portion of the governor shaft, means fortransmitting angular motion of the ring to the sleeve comprising a linkpivotally connected to the sleeve and toI the ring, the pivotalconnection between the ring and the link including a U-shaped lugintegrally formed with the ring, an end portion of the link projectingbetween the legs of the U-shaped lug, a pivot connecting the legs to theend portion, and spring means surrounding the pin and disposed betweenthe end portion of the link and adjacent surfaces of the legs, saidspring means acting as a shock absorber to reduce shocks on the governorsleeve in the case of sudden speed changes and in the case of minormisalignment of the pilot valve and governor DONALD F. WARNER.

